首页 500强 活动 榜单 商业 科技 商潮 专题 品牌中心
杂志订阅

靠加关税,让iPhone生产线回到美国并不现实

美联社
2025-04-14

特朗普政府以为,针对中国的关税大棒将迫使苹果公司首次在美国生产iPhone手机。

文本设置
小号
默认
大号
Plus(0条)

唐纳德·特朗普领导的政府认为,针对中国的关税大棒将迫使苹果公司(Apple)首次在美国生产iPhone手机。

即使当前美国对中国制造商品征收的关税税率已高达145%,这一愿景仍遥不可及——毕竟自18年前初代iPhone问世以来,该产品的绝大多数制造环节始终留在中国。

苹果不愿意将生产线迁回美国的主要原因,在于其自上世纪90年代起在中国构建的复杂供应链网络。在美国新建工厂不仅需要数年时间和数十亿美元投入,还将迫使苹果直面可能使iPhone价格翻三倍的经济压力,重创其拳头产品的销售。

韦德布什证券(Wedbush Securities)分析师丹·艾夫斯断言:“在美国制造iPhone手机根本行不通。”这正是众多密切关注苹果的投资界普遍认可的观点。艾夫斯估算,当前在中国或印度生产的iPhone手机售价为1,000美元,若转移至美国生产,价格将飙升至3,000美元以上。他认为最早要到2028年才可能实现本土生产,“价格涨幅之大令人难以想象。”

苹果公司上周三未回应置评请求。这家总部位于加州库比蒂诺的科技巨头尚未公开谈论针对特朗普对华关税政策的应对方案,但5月1日讨论公司财务业绩和战略的季度财报电话会议上,当首席执行官蒂姆·库克回答分析师的问题时,这一话题可能被提及。

鉴于自特朗普4月2日加征关税以来,苹果股价已下跌15%、市值蒸发5,000亿美元,中国关税无疑将成为焦点议题。

若关税政策持续,市场普遍预期苹果最终将提高iPhone手机及其他畅销品的售价,因其供应链过度集中于中国、印度等卷入不断升级的贸易战漩涡的海外市场。

关键问题在于:在关税压力蚕食公司利润率甚至公司难以承受要求消费者承担部分负担之前,苹果能维持现价多久。

弗雷斯特研究公司(Forrester Research)分析师迪潘詹·查特吉指出,苹果在现有中国关税下能够坚持不调价的一个主要原因是,其通过订阅服务等产品相关业务持续获取巨额收入。该部门在上一财年创收960亿美元,且不受特朗普关税影响。

查特吉表示:“苹果可以消化部分关税导致的成本上升,至少在短期内不会造成重大财务影响。”

今年2月,苹果宣布计划2028年前在美国投资5,000亿美元、新增2万个就业岗位,以安抚特朗普,但这些承诺均未涉及iPhone本土化生产。相反,苹果承诺资助休斯顿数据中心建设以支持人工智能开发。人工智能是当前全行业竞相追逐的技术领域。

本周,当被问及特朗普是否相信苹果有意在美国制造iPhone时,白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特以苹果的投资承诺作为佐证,证明该公司认为这是可行的。莱维特说道:“若苹果认为在美国无法实现iPhone制造,他们恐怕不会为此投入巨资。”

美国商务部长霍华德·路特尼克4月6日接受CBS新闻节目采访时也预言,关税将带动制造业回流。路特尼克表示:“那些数以百万计参与iPhone精密组装的产业大军将来到美国。”

但2017年,库克曾在中国广州举办的《财富》全球论坛上质疑,美国劳动力是否具备从事此类精细枯燥工作所需的职业技能。

库克表示:“在美国召集模具工程师开会,恐怕连房间都坐不满。但在中国,能填满好几个足球场。”

特朗普在首个总统任期内也曾施压苹果将iPhone生产迁美,但未获成功。当时政府最终将iPhone排除在对华关税清单之外。在此期间,苹果宣布将在美投资3,500亿美元。特朗普首个任期的对华关税促使苹果开始将部分iPhone生产线转移至印度、将其他产品的部分生产线迁往越南。

2019年,库克曾陪同特朗普参观德克萨斯州某工厂。苹果自2013年起在此组装部分Mac电脑。参观结束后,特朗普很快将奥巴马任内启用的这座工厂归功于己。2019年11月19日,特朗普在社交媒体宣称:“今天我参加了苹果公司位于德克萨斯州的一个大型制造工厂的剪彩仪式,这将为美国带回高薪工作岗位。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

唐纳德·特朗普领导的政府认为,针对中国的关税大棒将迫使苹果公司(Apple)首次在美国生产iPhone手机。

即使当前美国对中国制造商品征收的关税税率已高达145%,这一愿景仍遥不可及——毕竟自18年前初代iPhone问世以来,该产品的绝大多数制造环节始终留在中国。

苹果不愿意将生产线迁回美国的主要原因,在于其自上世纪90年代起在中国构建的复杂供应链网络。在美国新建工厂不仅需要数年时间和数十亿美元投入,还将迫使苹果直面可能使iPhone价格翻三倍的经济压力,重创其拳头产品的销售。

韦德布什证券(Wedbush Securities)分析师丹·艾夫斯断言:“在美国制造iPhone手机根本行不通。”这正是众多密切关注苹果的投资界普遍认可的观点。艾夫斯估算,当前在中国或印度生产的iPhone手机售价为1,000美元,若转移至美国生产,价格将飙升至3,000美元以上。他认为最早要到2028年才可能实现本土生产,“价格涨幅之大令人难以想象。”

苹果公司上周三未回应置评请求。这家总部位于加州库比蒂诺的科技巨头尚未公开谈论针对特朗普对华关税政策的应对方案,但5月1日讨论公司财务业绩和战略的季度财报电话会议上,当首席执行官蒂姆·库克回答分析师的问题时,这一话题可能被提及。

鉴于自特朗普4月2日加征关税以来,苹果股价已下跌15%、市值蒸发5,000亿美元,中国关税无疑将成为焦点议题。

若关税政策持续,市场普遍预期苹果最终将提高iPhone手机及其他畅销品的售价,因其供应链过度集中于中国、印度等卷入不断升级的贸易战漩涡的海外市场。

关键问题在于:在关税压力蚕食公司利润率甚至公司难以承受要求消费者承担部分负担之前,苹果能维持现价多久。

弗雷斯特研究公司(Forrester Research)分析师迪潘詹·查特吉指出,苹果在现有中国关税下能够坚持不调价的一个主要原因是,其通过订阅服务等产品相关业务持续获取巨额收入。该部门在上一财年创收960亿美元,且不受特朗普关税影响。

查特吉表示:“苹果可以消化部分关税导致的成本上升,至少在短期内不会造成重大财务影响。”

今年2月,苹果宣布计划2028年前在美国投资5,000亿美元、新增2万个就业岗位,以安抚特朗普,但这些承诺均未涉及iPhone本土化生产。相反,苹果承诺资助休斯顿数据中心建设以支持人工智能开发。人工智能是当前全行业竞相追逐的技术领域。

本周,当被问及特朗普是否相信苹果有意在美国制造iPhone时,白宫新闻秘书卡罗琳·莱维特以苹果的投资承诺作为佐证,证明该公司认为这是可行的。莱维特说道:“若苹果认为在美国无法实现iPhone制造,他们恐怕不会为此投入巨资。”

美国商务部长霍华德·路特尼克4月6日接受CBS新闻节目采访时也预言,关税将带动制造业回流。路特尼克表示:“那些数以百万计参与iPhone精密组装的产业大军将来到美国。”

但2017年,库克曾在中国广州举办的《财富》全球论坛上质疑,美国劳动力是否具备从事此类精细枯燥工作所需的职业技能。

库克表示:“在美国召集模具工程师开会,恐怕连房间都坐不满。但在中国,能填满好几个足球场。”

特朗普在首个总统任期内也曾施压苹果将iPhone生产迁美,但未获成功。当时政府最终将iPhone排除在对华关税清单之外。在此期间,苹果宣布将在美投资3,500亿美元。特朗普首个任期的对华关税促使苹果开始将部分iPhone生产线转移至印度、将其他产品的部分生产线迁往越南。

2019年,库克曾陪同特朗普参观德克萨斯州某工厂。苹果自2013年起在此组装部分Mac电脑。参观结束后,特朗普很快将奥巴马任内启用的这座工厂归功于己。2019年11月19日,特朗普在社交媒体宣称:“今天我参加了苹果公司位于德克萨斯州的一个大型制造工厂的剪彩仪式,这将为美国带回高薪工作岗位。”(财富中文网)

译者:刘进龙

审校:汪皓

President Donald Trump’s administration has been predicting its barrage of tariffs targeting China will push Apple into manufacturing the iPhone in the United States for the first time.

But that’s an unlikely scenario even with U.S tariffs now standing at 145% on products made in China — the country where Apple has manufactured most of its iPhones since the first model hit the market 18 years ago.

The disincentives for Apple shifting its production domestically include a complex supply chain that it began building in China during the 1990s. It would take several years and cost billions of dollars to build new plants in the U.S., and then confront Apple with economic forces that could triple the price of an iPhone, threatening to torpedo sales of its marquee product.

“The concept of making iPhones in the U.S. is a non-starter,” asserted Wedbush Securities analyst Dan Ives, reflecting a widely held view in the investment community that tracks Apple’s every move. He estimated that the current $1,000 price tag for an iPhone made in China, or India, would soar to more than $3,000 if production shifted to the U.S. And he believes that moving production domestically likely couldn’t be done until, at the earliest, 2028. “Price points would move so dramatically, it’s hard to comprehend.”

Apple didn’t respond to a request for comment Wednesday. The Cupertino, California, company has yet to publicly discuss its response to Trump’s tariffs on China, but the topic may come up on May 1 when Apple CEO Tim Cook is scheduled to field questions from analysts during a quarterly conference call to discuss the company’s financial results and strategy.

And there is no doubt the China tariffs will be a hot-button issue given Apple’s stock price has dropped by 15% and lowered the company’s market value by $500 billion since Trump began increasing them on April 2.

If the tariffs hold, Apple is widely expected to eventually raise the prices on iPhones and other popular products because the Silicon Valley’s supply chain is so heavily concentrated in China, India and other overseas markets caught in the crossfire of the escalating trade war.

The big question is how long Apple might be willing to hold the line on its current prices before the tariffs’ toll on the company’s profit margins become too much to bear and consumers are asked to shoulder some of the burden.

One of the main reasons that Apple has wiggle room to hold the line on its current iPhone pricing while the China tariffs remain in place is because the company continues to reap huge profit margins from the revenue generated by the subscriptions and other services tied to its product, said Forrester Research analyst Dipanjan Chatterjee. That division, which collected $96 billion in revenue during Apple’s last fiscal year, remains untouched by Trump’s tariffs.

“Apple can absorb some of the tariff-induced cost increases without significant financial impact, at least in the short term,” Chatterjee said.

Apple tried to appease Trump in February by announcing plans to spend $500 billion and hire 20,000 people in the U.S. through 2028, but none of it was tied to making an iPhone domestically. Instead, Apple pledged to fund a Houston data center for computer servers powering artificial intelligence — a technology the company is expanding into as part of an industrywide craze.

When asked this week about whether Trump believes Apple intends to build iPhones in the U.S., White House Press Secretary Karoline Levitt pointed to Apple’s investment promise as evidence that the company thinks it could be done. “If Apple didn’t think the United States could do it, they probably wouldn’t have put up that big chunk of change,” Leavitt said.

U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick also predicted tariffs would force a manufacturing shift during an April 6 appearance on a CBS news program. “The army of millions and millions of human beings screwing in little screws to make iPhones, that kind of thing is going to come to America,” Lutnick said.

But during a 2017 appearance at a conference in China, Cook expressed doubt about whether the U.S. labor pool had enough workers with the vocational skills required to do the painstaking and tedious work that Lutnick was discussing.

“In the U.S. you could have a meeting of tooling engineers and I’m not sure we could fill the room,” Cook said. “In China, you could fill multiple football fields.”

Trump also tried to pressure Apple, to no avail, into shifting iPhone production to the U.S. during his first term as president. But the administration ultimately exempted the iPhone from the tariffs he imposed on China back then — a period when Apple had announced a commitment to invest $350 billion in the U.S. Trump’s first-term tariffs on China also prompted Apple to begin a process that led to some of its current iPhones being made in India and some of its other products being manufactured in Vietnam.

Cook also took the president on a 2019 tour of a Texas plant where Apple had been assembling some of its Mac computers since 2013. Shortly after finishing that our, Trump took credit for the plant that Apple had opened while Barack Obama was president. “Today I opened a major Apple Manufacturing plant in Texas that will bring high paying jobs back to America,” Trump posted on Nov. 19, 2019.

财富中文网所刊载内容之知识产权为财富媒体知识产权有限公司及/或相关权利人专属所有或持有。未经许可,禁止进行转载、摘编、复制及建立镜像等任何使用。
0条Plus
精彩评论
评论

撰写或查看更多评论

请打开财富Plus APP

前往打开
Baidu
map